The Czech Republic (or Czechia) is a landlocked country in Central Europe which has undergone significant transformations since the fall of communism in 1989, evolving from a single-party state to a multi-party democratic state. Furthermore, Czechia’s political history is rooted in parliamentary form of government, established since the 1920 Czechoslovak Constitution and continued until the current 1992 Czech Constitution (hereinafter the Constitution). In particular, the legislative framework is centred on a bicameral Parliament (Parlament České republiky), composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká sněmovna) and the Senate (Senát). However, the introduction of direct presidential election in 2012 marked significant constitutional consequences in the political and institutional framework, raising questions about a shift towards semi-presidentialism. The impetus behind the approval of such constitutional reform appears to have been primarily to avoid repeating the troubled course of the last indirect presidential election in 2008, which was characterized by numerous procedural disputes. Additionally, it aimed to address the long-standing desire of the Czech public for the election of the president by popular vote, rather than transitioning to a semi-presidential system… (continues)
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