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FOCUS - Academic Freedom N. 27 - 09/10/2026

  di Lorenza Violini e Giada Ragone

Academic freedom in a changing knowledge ecosystem

For decades, debates on academic freedom have largely revolved around a familiar set of concerns: political censorship, ideological interference, governmental control over universities, and the protection of scholars against external pressures. These remain pressing issues, as demonstrated by the growing number of constitutional crises affecting higher educationacross several democratic and authoritarian regimes alike. Yet the contemporary landscape suggests that these traditional threats, while far from disappearing, are no longer sufficient to explain the vulnerabilities of academic freedom in the twenty-first century. Increasingly, academic freedom is also challenged by phenomena that have received comparatively less attention in constitutional scholarship, most notably the profound transformations brought... (segue)

From book to screen: rethinking knowledge and constitutional education in the digital era

di Augusto Aguilar Calahorro

This article examines the transformation of the right to teach and learn in the digital age, drawing on the reflections of several major theorists of media, knowledge and postmodernity, among them Marshall McLuhan, Jean-François Lyotard and Jacques Derrida... (segue)

Intelligenza artificiale e Università: prove generali in Germania e Italia

di Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle e Barbara Marchetti

Prendendo le mosse dall’analisi della nozione di intelligenza artificiale alla luce delle definizioni elaborate nel diritto europeo, il contributo esamina l’impiego dell’AI nella didattica, nella ricerca e negli esami universitari, confrontando l’approccio tedesco con lo stato... (segue)

The organisation of higher education institutions in light of academic freedom

di Robert Böttner

In 2018, the state of Thuringia reformed its Higher Education Act and introduced a number of changes. Several university professors lodged constitutional complaints with the Federal Constitutional Court, primarily against the new rules on the organisation of the universities. For the most... (segue)

Academic boycotts: from foreign policy tools to instruments of legal accountability? A study of Russian and Israeli universities in Italy

di Giovanni Boggero

This paper examines the responses of Italian universities to calls for boycotts of Russian and Israeli institutions, following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine (2022) and the attack on the Gaza Strip (2023). Through two case studies, the paper demonstrates that Italian universities... (segue)
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